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http://www.webmedcentral.com/images/Header_Logo.giftext/html2011-07-28T18:49:41+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Prof. Krupanidhi SreeramaMolecular Evolution
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2049
1. Introduction2. Classical evolutionary concepts2.1 DNA as a crux2.2 Theories of Molecular Evolution2.3 C-value paradox3. Gene frequencies in Mendelian Populations4. Allelic frequency4.1 Application of Hardy-Weinberg Law4.2 ABO Blood groups 5. Genotype versus ethnicity6. Evolution of gene families6.1 Gene duplication leads to gene families6.2 Globin gene family6.3 Pseudogenes6.4 Retrogenes6.5 Gene duplication by exon shuffling7. The evolution of introns7.1 Function of introns8. Molecular clock hypothesis8.1 Examples of nucleotide substitution8.2 Evaluation of rate of gene substitution9. Molecular Trees.text/html2011-11-13T12:07:44+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Giacinto LibertiniConcordance of the Predictions of a Simulation Model for the Evolutionary Advantage of Sex with Observational Evidence
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2464
Evolutionary advantage of sex is a widely discussed topic with multiple and clashing theories. A simulation model is proposed, based on the “classic” hypothesis that sex is advantageous because it allows faster attainment of favourable genetic combinations.The model shows the substitution of 2 (or 3) genes with advantageous alleles and calculates in which conditions a further gene allowing recombination is advantaged or disadvantaged in comparison with an allele not allowing recombination. With no epistasis, in infinite population sex results neutral, while in finite populations, in particular if the population is divided in demes, sex results advantageous.Considering the disadvantages caused by mating necessities, “classic” theory predicts the trends of ecological conditions in which sexual/asexual species of the same taxonomic group (or sexual/asexual stages of the same species) will prevail. Predictions of the “classic” theory with the above-mentioned specifications are compared with predictions of other hypotheses and data from natural observation: only the “classic” theory is confirmed by empirical evidence.text/html2011-12-26T14:22:56+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Mr. Mahadev C KhetagoudarBiological Potency of Crude Aqueous Extracts of Clerodendr on Inerme (Verbenaceae) in Management of Lepidopteron Pest S.litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2793
A study was undertaken to find out the toxic effects of crude aqueous leaf extracts of Clerodendron inerme (Verbenaceae) on Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) on castor (Ricinus communis L.) plants. Extracts at different doses viz., 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5, 12.5, 15 and 17.5 % were tested against S. litura following the treatment on fourth instar larvae. All concentrations showed insecticidal activity in a dose dependent manner. Results demonstrated the higher percent mortality during prepupal and pupal stage than that of during fourth to sixth instar larval stages. The percent total mortality (larval, prepupal, pupal and adult) revealed positive relationship between the % concentrations of extract Vs the mortality. It was seen that percent total mortality was progressively increased from 1 to 12.5 % concentration treatment and thereafter the percent mortality remained almost 87 to 88 percent. Results of adult emergence inhibition indicated that the EI50 of C. inerme was more effective at 3.16 percent. Interestingly the calculated EI90 value was 30.98 percent. Therefore it is concluded that, this plant has a potential to serve as an alternate biopesticide in the management of lepidopteron pest.